經妖獸：一窺山海經的妖魅神獸

展覽頁面呈現形式

縱式

策展者

國立中興大學中文一（數位內容策展）

孔德恩

翁佳楷

孫藝臻

展覽封面

3e159a6d6402e82343f41ea2d68328d6

展覽資料

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"杜婷婷1967年出生於台灣台南，台北藝術大學美術創作研究所畢業。身為女性藝術家，杜婷婷的細膩心思，透過獨特的藝術言語和內容，具現為一件件混合了詩意性格與神話內涵的繪畫作品。這當中或反映了她挖掘心靈底層後的一種糾結和質疑，或呈現了既透明又神秘的心象風景。她在創作自述中提到：「我畫的是已知與未知交織而成的流動世界。作品中意念的流轉與轉化，皆來自個人的主觀經驗。將不同的事件以意味深長的方式聯繫起來，即是內心世界與物質世界的邂逅。」〈白鳥荷風〉一作，具現了杜婷婷長久以來的繪畫風格，取材自中國“山海經”的神籙圖象，因怪力亂神的語調和細緻的畫工結合而充滿了禪趣。於此，圖像造型所展現的隨機趣味及原始性格，很能誘發觀者深入探索其中邏輯的一種好奇心。人們或希望這裡頭有一種清楚的答案，但真正的答案可能是不存在或極不確定的。", "musicName": "無", "weight": 5, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "basic-cfykg42wbv": { "id": "basic-cfykg42wbv", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "0ef03c0b1ae1c9fc560b50ddbb7bb779", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/54d284419755138baeb6f64fb63ec693.jpg?itok=kkV1DhWR", "level": "primary", "title": "水晶鴨", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/54d284419755138baeb6f64fb63ec693.jpg?itok=hBcG1RF5", "thumbMediumURI": 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"國立歷史博物館館藏的《白玉魚尾龍形珮》，以白玉雕製，有色沁。龍魚為龍的變形，最早見於「山海經」中的「海外西經」，龍首魚身的外形兼具龍的莊嚴強壯及魚的潑喇靈活。龍具魚師及水神的神性，建築物上常見龍魚，取其防火消災。而另一含意則是魚躍龍門。《白玉魚尾龍形珮》入藏年代為1982年。由楊達志捐贈。", "musicName": "無", "weight": 11, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "basic-ho1co0zi9u": { "id": "basic-ho1co0zi9u", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "aa8b278cbb0b93515e7462aab656d537", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/e86b47e930e11c56b094a9e6fc4c9f75.jpg?itok=jWoGlZB1", "level": "primary", "title": "白玉瓏", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/e86b47e930e11c56b094a9e6fc4c9f75.jpg?itok=dq_mFz-w", "thumbMediumURI": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/e86b47e930e11c56b094a9e6fc4c9f75.jpg?itok=04G0N5oB", "thumbBigURI": 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"國立歷史博物館藏《鳳袍湘繡》，此件是繡成之後未加工裁製的鳳袍料。橘色地彩繡鳳凰紋，鳳凰展翅，口銜牡丹花紋，作360度圓弧狀。鳳凰外圍環繞一圈四季花卉（梅、蘭、水仙、菊），並間飾各色蝴蝶。衣襬下方彩繡壽山立水紋、盤長紋，行龍隱藏於卷雲中，以海水薑芽配以八吉祥紋為飾。整體顏色有紅、白、黃、綠、藍、橘、粉紅、紫、米白、青、灰、靛、白、黑等。全件袍料設色典麗明朗，繡面平勻，針腳整齊，不露針眼，從下襬立水紋的繡法，每一道色彩均由淡而深，營造層次的變化，和色自然，了無界限，紋飾轉折展現自然律動的活力。\n\n本件係1999年購藏之《鳳袍湘繡》。鳳凰被視為瑞仁之禽，吉祥之鳥，全身之紋均有取義，與帝德相符。《山海經．南次三經》:「鳳凰，首文曰德，翼文曰義，背文曰禮，膺文曰仁，腹文曰信，是鳥也，飲食自然，自歌自舞。見則天下安寧。」因此，其形象被廣泛運用於各類裝飾，尤以帝王后妃最為常用；如帝后居住之宮室為「鳳闕」，帝后所棲息之樓臺「鳳閣」，帝后所穿著之袍服為「鳳袍」。 ", "musicName": "無", "weight": 15, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "basic-vhblae11aw": { "id": "basic-vhblae11aw", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "454437aa629911f499f8ff46b84179c8", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/95cda184923ab975683ff5fc94f10e47.jpg?itok=QNRIqzAO", "level": "primary", "title": "漢青龍瓦當拓本", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/95cda184923ab975683ff5fc94f10e47.jpg?itok=GuCAAwp6", 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"國立歷史博物館藏《漢青龍瓦當拓本》，此圖像是拓印漢代陶製瓦當表面上的圖樣，圖像中龍尾高揚，騰空飛舞。古代傳說龍能興雲致雨、調和陰陽，也被認為是神仙的座騎，在《山海經》的〈海外西經〉、〈海外北經〉、〈海外東經〉等諸篇中，神人乘龍的記述俯拾皆是。瓦當是古代中國建築屋檐上最前面的圓形瓦，位於筒瓦之前用來保護木製屋檐，以防日曬雨淋，兼具排水、美化建築的實用功能。漢代瓦當以灰陶為主，瓦當上常模印文字、圖案。古人把東、西、南、北、中分別用青、白、赤、黑、黃五種顏色相配屬，以青龍、白虎、朱雀、玄武等四種動物代表四方，稱之為「四神紋」或「四靈紋」。《三輔黃圖》謂：「蒼龍、白虎、朱雀、玄武，天之四靈，以正四方。」青色即是蒼色，所以「青龍」又稱「蒼龍」。王莽時期「青龍」、「白虎」、「朱雀」、「玄武」為瓦當上最具代表性的圖像。", "musicName": "無", "weight": 16, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "basic-2bvf46nuob": { "id": "basic-2bvf46nuob", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "8ca2f2b9d5e9ca3064f3be9a11942152", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/8664b8f68f817893956938777c1572c0.jpg?itok=R1WZIO61", "level": "primary", "title": "龍魚珮", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/8664b8f68f817893956938777c1572c0.jpg?itok=6J5G3Za6", "thumbMediumURI": 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"國立歷史博物館《龍魚珮》，於西元1982年入藏，為總統府第一局撥交紐西蘭華僑楊達志先生捐贈。本件龍魚佩為青玉質，色偏黃，質地略有白化斑痕。立體雕刻，龍魚雙目努出，頭角向上捲曲、鼻凸出、大口微閉，鰭與尾部旋轉捲曲。器無孔洞，應作為擺飾或把玩器之用。\n\n龍魚，龍頭魚身，是鯉魚喜得龍珠而變成，魚化龍象徵蛻變。龍魚一說亦即鰲魚，是中國遠古神話傳說中一種由龍衍生而來的動物，乃龍之另一變化。最早見於古籍《山海經》「海外西經」，外形龍首魚身兼擁龍的莊嚴強壯及魚的靈活性。中國傳統木建築特別是廟堂多喜在梁柱或雀替屋頂兩端安放鰲魚塑像，乃取龍具雨師及水神的神性，及鰲魚好吞食火舌之性，以祈防火消災，守護居室。此外，傳說龍門為黃河上游天險之一，水流湍急，洄流之魚至此，勢必奮力激躍；鰲魚就是極少數躍過了龍門的魚，正開始蛻化為龍。成語「鯉躍龍門」正是鯉魚跳躍龍門時的形狀。中國人將此自然現象，比賦寒窗苦讀的士子應試中第，由一介平民躍為官吏，青雲得志，飛黃騰達，猶如由魚成龍的情況。", "musicName": "無", "weight": 17, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "basic-dyh6fiy0tb": { "id": "basic-dyh6fiy0tb", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "0fc05744fea24c1dfc0a2e3ff2664133", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/c5a6da92e17b3989a24ada4629027e48.jpg?itok=sTIkL51E", "level": "primary", "title": "鳥譜（一）冊鳳", "desc": "", "thumbURI": 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"鳳。一名瑞鶠。一名鶤雞。一名長離。亦作長麗。爾雅云。鶠鳳其雌。皇注云。瑞應鳥。五彩色。高六尺許。韓詩外傳云。鳳象。鴻前麟後。蛇頸魚尾。龍文龜背。燕頷雞啄。小音金。大音鼓。延頸奮翼。五色備舉。山海經云。丹穴之山有鳥焉。五乘而文。名曰鳳皇。飲食自然。自歌自舞。見則天下安寧。禽經云。五鳳赤約丹穴。青曰羽翔。白曰化翼。黑曰陰翥。黃曰土符。人鏡經五鳳以方分。東方發明。西方鷫鸘。南方焦明。北方幽昌。中央玉雀。物類志鳳一名瑞鶠。別名鶤雞。其老者為長離。大戴禮云羽蟲三百六十。而鳳皇為之長。", "musicName": "無", "weight": 18, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "theme-ftbp5q9ug1": { "id": "theme-ftbp5q9ug1", "type": "theme", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "8ae4a76ac32aad2dea5107a71ff40c8f", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/eea8125dc27ccc2fd6e517d331f98810.jpg?itok=nIw02GZv", "level": "primary", "title": "雷神", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/eea8125dc27ccc2fd6e517d331f98810.jpg?itok=FLpMOKKu", "thumbMediumURI": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/eea8125dc27ccc2fd6e517d331f98810.jpg?itok=M0Hz1T2C", "thumbBigURI": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/eea8125dc27ccc2fd6e517d331f98810.jpg?itok=NXr6zMNW", "background": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/w1920/mcode/eea8125dc27ccc2fd6e517d331f98810.jpg?itok=1kHCoHtV", "mfid": "eea8125dc27ccc2fd6e517d331f98810", "musicURL": "", "musicName": "", "fileCreator": "不明", "rights": "國家文化資料庫", "rightsLogo": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-01.png?itok=DszBk5va", "fileLicence": "創用CC 姓名標示-非商業性-禁止改作", "fileDisableLink": "0", "fileOversize": false }, "title": "仙人放屁", "desc": "《山海經》裡除了刻畫各式動物，尚有神祇仙人的敘述，例如雷神。雷神又稱「雷神爺」､「五雷元帥」､「雷公」､「雷公鳥」､「雷師」，為司雷之神。雷神崇拜起自上古時代，常與「電母」（閃電娘娘）同祀，其形象與來源的神話傳說眾多，如《山海經》中的記載，雷神為「龍頭而人身，鼓其腹而響雷」的獸形；至漢代又有記載「若力士之容，謂之雷公」的人形出現。雷公塑像多作力士，背插兩翅､額具三目，並突出其猴臉､鳥嘴､鷹爪，左手持楔，右手執鎚，為打雷之象，以雷劈之狀象徵：秉承上天之意懲罰為惡不善之人。而我們將此子集取名為仙人放屁，意在取其歇後語的意思－不同凡響，足以讓人耳目一新。", "musicName": "無", "weight": 19, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "basic-jpwnz4cngg": { "id": "basic-jpwnz4cngg", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "3dc2f5e54e12b0c016e615e1e6046e81", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/89813a1ee4f1bd0811c7297618ec7053.jpg?itok=rpYLsvLa", "level": "primary", "title": "十二宮星(十一)天狗紙錢", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/89813a1ee4f1bd0811c7297618ec7053.jpg?itok=DbKIwxsT", "thumbMediumURI": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/thumbnail_medium/mcode/89813a1ee4f1bd0811c7297618ec7053.jpg?itok=-zEeqnPW", "thumbBigURI": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/thumbnail_big/mcode/89813a1ee4f1bd0811c7297618ec7053.jpg?itok=FUPqSOOg", "background": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/w1920/mcode/89813a1ee4f1bd0811c7297618ec7053.jpg?itok=Wi5wum6p", "mfid": "89813a1ee4f1bd0811c7297618ec7053", "musicURL": "", "musicName": "", "fileCreator": "不詳", "rights": "宜蘭博物典藏網", "rightsLogo": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/styles/square_thumbnail_100/public/default_rights/memder_non-04.png?itok=gq-PTcKL", "fileLicence": "創用CC 姓名標示-非商業性-禁止改作", "fileDisableLink": "0", "fileOversize": false }, "title": "十二宮星(十一)天狗紙錢", "desc": "本文物為十二宮星(十一)天狗紙錢，為頭城茂惠金紙店出品，以單一墨色將圖案印製於直式長條紙張上。畫面中有一隻白狗，頭朝右方，口部微張，尾巴上翹，趴伏於地上。\n\n天狗為十二宮星之十一。佛界稱彗星、流星之類為天狗。又據《山海經》卷載「天狗為獸名，其狀如狸而白首，其音如榴榴。」一般俗信流年關煞犯天狗，行車注意小心，預防意外傷害，易有血光之災，故制化天狗關，需燒化印有天狗及雲紋之圖案，祈神以為化解。", "musicName": "無", "weight": 20, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "basic-s307t002zu": { "id": "basic-s307t002zu", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "71bb6d1d94b3d800df9095f617b0bd0a", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/4b85d30721a0d1d031ff3ede8a6fb653.jpg?itok=7lB6oe-M", "level": "primary", "title": "木雕雷公像", "desc": "", "thumbURI": 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"本件木雕雷公像採坐姿，端坐石臺上，表面施以彩繪安金飾成。雷公長耳鳥嘴，雙眼凸出，背後開有方形入神洞，封榫佚失，入神物已取出。雷公頭戴小冠，身穿長袍，繫紅色腰帶，左手橫舉胸前，持物遺失，右手持物高舉過頭，作捶打貌。腳穿皂靴，左腳踏於岩座，右腳翹起踮於岩石上。臺座作岩石貌高方臺。\n\n雷公為神話中職司打雷的神祇，其信仰起源於古代自然崇拜，最早的形狀為動物，在《山海經》中即有「雷獸」的說法，到了明清時期，雷神的形象才逐漸統一，成為今日所見的鳥嘴雷公形象。《集說詮真》載，雷神狀若力士，裸胸袒腹，背插兩翅，額具三目，臉如赤猴，下額長而銳，足如鷹爪，左手執楔，右手持槌，作欲擊狀，名為「雷公江天君」，而在《封神演義》中則成為「雷震子」，並配以電母。", "musicName": "無", "weight": 21, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, "basic-dvxggs37nb": { "id": "basic-dvxggs37nb", "type": "basic", "sortable": true, "primaryObj": { "oid": "3c98af7e2a73eef82d2d9a6378eb80ac", "fileType": "image", "fileURI": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/w1024/mcode/ca4f122e362671eb1bae9ef8312757a2.jpg?itok=MDGiwJJU", "level": "primary", "title": "西王母圖", "desc": "", "thumbURI": "https://plaza.openmuseum.tw/files/muse_plaza/muse_styles/square_thumbnail_100/mcode/ca4f122e362671eb1bae9ef8312757a2.jpg?itok=FO2plkGw", "thumbMediumURI": 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"國立歷史博物館藏《西王母圖》，原畫像磚為四川成都出土漢畫像磚拓本。此磚上面正中刻一瓶形之龕，龕上有頂蓋，龕的左右有雲氣圍繞。此係象徵傳說中的西王母的「石室」。關於西王母居於「石室」的傳說，當時是很普遍的。石室前一人頭戴「方勝」雙袖拱手置於胸前，坐於龍虎座上。《山海經․西山經》言：西王母「蓬髮，戴勝」，「勝」一般釋為婦人的首飾，其制今不詳。西王母所坐者為龍虎座，《焦氏易林》臨之履說：「駕龍騎虎，周遍天下，為人所使，西見王母，不憂不殆。」此則座右為虎首，左為龍尾，象徵「駕龍騎虎」之說。西王母之前有一大蟾蜍，直立而舞，蟾蜍之形極為逼肖。磚的左下角為兔，直立而持靈芝。靈芝本為神藥，張衡《思玄賦》中有「聘王母於銀台兮，羞玉芝以療饑」。而白兔搗藥，亦為古代的傳說。《太平御覽》（卷九百零七）引《樂府詩歌》說：「採取神藥山之端，白兔搗成蝦蟆丸。」靈芝亦稱「三株樹」，故草上三岐。蟾蜍之左為「三足烏」，是西王母的覓食的使者。《太平御覽》（卷九百二十）引《括地誌》說：「崑崙之弱水中，非乘龍不得至，有三足神烏為西王母取食。」在傳說中，「烏」亦為日中之物，畫像磚、畫像石中凡是表現「日」者，都有「烏」。此磚將「烏」與「兔」相對，亦是表現「日」、「月」的祥瑞。三足烏之後，有一人張口怒目而蓬發，雙手捧棨戟而立，想係傳說中的「大行伯」。《山海經․海內北經》說：「西王母……有人曰大行伯，把戈。」兔的上邊為九尾狐，狐身有翼，尾甚長而九岐。在漢代的傳說中，九尾狐是一種祥瑞。磚的前下靠左圖二人（一男一女），端坐於地，男左女右，女子曳長裙，面帶笑容，而目下垂。男子面略向右側而低視女子。其前置一案，案前一人峨冠博帶，雙手執板，俯伏於地，似在拜禱。此或者為象徵其祖先已得長生，而子孫向其禱求之意。\n\n此幅為描繪西王母坐於龍虎座上，前有一大蟾蜍，直立而舞，左下角為執神樂之兔，左上為九尾狐。蟾蜍右為三足鳥，是西王母的覓食者，後有一人張口怒目，持戟而立。磚的前下端本有男女二人，另有一人雙手執板，俯伏於地，似在祝禱，或為象徵其祖先已得長生，而子孫向其祈福之意。西王母傳說起於春秋戰國，漢代流行益廣。此件《西王母圖》為張群先生1963年間捐贈本館典藏。", "musicName": "無", "weight": 22, "musicText": "", "musicURL": "" }, 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經妖獸：一窺山海經的妖魅神獸

經妖獸：一窺山海經的妖魅神獸

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